Finding the best Pilates reformer with a box involves balancing versatility, build quality, and price. The Foldable Pilates Reformer for Home Use stands out for its compact design, perfect for small spaces. The 94.5″ Studio-Grade Reformer offers professional features for serious practitioners, but at a higher cost. A key challenge is choosing between foldable models for easy storage and more traditional, durable options with extensive accessories. Keep reading to see how these options compare and which might be ideal for your workout goals.
Prime for Young Adults — start your free trial
Fast free delivery, streaming and member deals for eligible 18–24 year olds.
Try it freeAs an affiliate, we earn on qualifying purchases.
Complete the kit
Key Takeaways
- Foldable models excel in small space storage but sometimes sacrifice stability or accessory variety.
- Studio-grade reformers offer durability and professional features but come at a premium price.
- The inclusion of a sitting box and jump board adds significant versatility for different workout routines.
- Weight capacity varies widely; higher capacity models are better for heavier users or those with intensive routines.
- Build quality and materials—wood vs. aluminum—impact longevity and maintenance needs.
| Foldable Pilates Reformer for Home Use with Adjustable Resistance Bands |  | Best Space-Saving Reformer for Versatile Home Workouts | Design: Foldable, space-saving | Construction: Full-metal frame | Resistance Bands: Multi-color, adjustable tension | VIEW LATEST PRICE | See Our Full Breakdown |
| Foldable Pilates Reformer Machine for Home & Gym Use – Supports Up to 500 lbs |  | Best Heavy-Duty, Versatile Reformer with Accessories | Resistance Levels: 5 levels (22 lb springs and 15-27 lb cords) | Max User Weight: 500 lbs | Adjustable Foot Bar: Five angles | VIEW LATEST PRICE | See Our Full Breakdown |
| 94.5″ Pilates Reformer with Accessories – Studio Grade Machine for Home & Studio |  | Best Professional-Grade Reformer with Extensive Accessories | Material: Aluminum alloy and maple wood | Weight Capacity: 350 lbs | Springs: 6 springs (2 heavy-duty, 2 medium, 2 light) | VIEW LATEST PRICE | See Our Full Breakdown |
| OYI 77” Foldable Pilates Reformer Machine with Resistance Bands and Accessories |  | Best Compact, Portable Reformer with Versatile Features | Size: 77 inches | Weight: 16.3 lbs | Maximum Support: 400 lbs | VIEW LATEST PRICE | See Our Full Breakdown |
| PAETA Pilates Reformer, 86″ Foldable Reformer Pilates Machine with Adjustable Heights, Springs, and Jump Boards |  | Best Adjustable, All-in-One Reformer for Versatility | Length: 86 inches | Supports Weight: Up to 500 lbs | Adjustable Heights: Yes | VIEW LATEST PRICE | See Our Full Breakdown |
| Ultra Foldable Pilates Reformer Studio Aluminum Pilates Machine |  | Best Overall for Portability and Durability | Material: Aerospace-grade aluminum, stainless steel, natural maple wood, PU materials | Max User Weight: 800 lbs | Spring Durability: Over 300,000 stretches | VIEW LATEST PRICE | See Our Full Breakdown |
| 92-Inch Wooden Pilates Reformer Machine with Accessories |  | Best for Traditional Wooden Construction and Accessories | Length: 92 inches | Frame Material: Solid oak | Maximum User Weight: 500 lbs | VIEW LATEST PRICE | See Our Full Breakdown |
| 97 Inch Foldable Wooden Pilates Reformer Machine with Jump Board, Sitting Box, Yoga Block and Anti-Slip Mat |  | Best for Customizable and Space-Saving Wooden Reformer | Material: Solid oak wood | Weight Capacity: 500 lbs | Spring System: 6 high-quality steel springs (30-60 lbs) | VIEW LATEST PRICE | See Our Full Breakdown |
| 96-inch Wooden Pilates Reformer with Springs, Jump Board & Sitting Box |  | Best for Heavy-Duty, Sturdy Construction | Length: 96 inches | Material: Rubberwood | Supports: Up to 500 lbs | VIEW LATEST PRICE | See Our Full Breakdown |
| Foldable Pilates Reformer with Jump Board & Pilates Box for Home & Studio Workout |  | Best for Versatile, Space-Saving Full-Body Workouts | Number of Springs: 4 | Resistance Cords: 5 | Max User Weight: 500 lbs | VIEW LATEST PRICE | See Our Full Breakdown |
| pilates reformer with box | Material |
|---|---|
| Foldable Pilates Reformer for | — |
| Foldable Pilates Reformer Mach | — |
| 94.5" Pilates Reformer with Ac | Aluminum alloy and maple wood |
| OYI 77” Foldable Pilates Refor | — |
| PAETA Pilates Reformer | — |
| Ultra Foldable Pilates Reforme | Aerospace-grade aluminum, stainless steel, natural maple wood, PU materials |
| 92-Inch Wooden Pilates Reforme | — |
| 97 Inch Foldable Wooden Pilate | Solid oak wood |
| 96-inch Wooden Pilates Reforme | Rubberwood |
| Foldable Pilates Reformer with | PU leather |
More Details on Our Top Picks
Foldable Pilates Reformer for Home Use with Adjustable Resistance Bands
This reformer stands out for its compact foldable design, making it ideal for those with limited space. Unlike bulkier models like the 94.5″ Pilates Reformer with Accessories, it prioritizes storage without sacrificing stability—thanks to its full-metal frame. The adjustable resistance bands add versatility, but the lack of included workout guides means users may need additional resources to maximize use. Compared to the Foldable Pilates Reformer Machine for Home & Gym Use, it offers simpler assembly but supports less weight and offers fewer advanced features. This pick suits beginners and casual users who want an easy-to-store reformer that still provides smooth, quiet movement. However, users seeking heavy-duty or professional-grade equipment might find it limiting.
Pros:- Space-saving foldable design for easy storage
- Sturdy full-metal construction ensures stability
- Adjustable resistance bands enable a variety of exercises
- Smooth, quiet glide rails promote distraction-free workouts
Cons:- Assembly may be challenging for beginners without guidance
- Limited information on maximum user weight capacity
- No included workout guides or accessories
Best for: Homeowners with limited space and casual or beginner Pilates practitioners
Not ideal for: Advanced users or those needing heavy-duty support over 250 lbs, due to its unspecified maximum weight capacity
- Design:Foldable, space-saving
- Construction:Full-metal frame
- Resistance Bands:Multi-color, adjustable tension
- Movement:Smooth, quiet glide rails
- Suitable For:Home use, beginners to advanced
Our verdict“This reformer is perfect for space-conscious users seeking versatile, quiet workouts at home with beginner to intermediate needs.”
Foldable Pilates Reformer Machine for Home & Gym Use – Supports Up to 500 lbs
This model makes a compelling case for users needing high weight capacity and customizable resistance. Unlike the Foldable Pilates Reformer for Home Use with fewer resistance options, it offers five resistance levels and multiple ergonomic adjustments, supporting up to 500 lbs. The included accessories, like a sitting box and jump board, expand workout options. However, its assembly process may require online tutorials, and the limited resistance levels might not satisfy advanced users seeking more challenge. Its foldable design with wheels makes storage straightforward, but the larger size and weight could be a consideration for smaller spaces. Best suited for serious fitness enthusiasts and larger users who need durability and variety.
Pros:- Supports up to 500 lbs, accommodating a wide range of users
- Adjustable resistance and ergonomic features for personalized workouts
- Foldable with wheels for convenient storage
- Includes accessories like sitting box and jump board for variety
Cons:- Assembly may require watching detailed setup videos
- Limited resistance levels for users seeking very high intensity
- Larger footprint may not suit small spaces
Best for: Users needing high weight support, customizable workouts, and versatile accessories
Not ideal for: Very advanced athletes seeking more than five resistance levels or those with limited space due to its size
- Resistance Levels:5 levels (22 lb springs and 15-27 lb cords)
- Max User Weight:500 lbs
- Adjustable Foot Bar:Five angles
- Height Adjustment:Three heights for pulley system
- Folded Size:1.62 sq ft
Our verdict“This reformer is ideal for larger users or those wanting a durable, versatile machine with room for customization.”
94.5″ Pilates Reformer with Accessories – Studio Grade Machine for Home & Studio
This reformer excels in durability and versatility, featuring a heavy-duty aluminum and maple wood frame that appeals to serious practitioners. Its comprehensive accessory kit makes it suitable for a wide array of workouts, from rehabilitation to advanced training, surpassing the basic features of the Foldable Pilates Reformer with Adjustable Resistance Bands. The size, however, requires ample space, and while assembly is straightforward, the price point might be prohibitive for casual users. Compared to more compact models, this reformer emphasizes professional quality and expansion options, making it a good investment for dedicated studios or home gyms with sufficient room.
Pros:- Heavy-duty construction with premium materials
- Includes a full accessory kit for diverse exercises
- Adjustable resistance and ergonomic design
- Easy to assemble with minimal tools
Cons:- Requires significant space due to its length
- Price is higher compared to standard models
- May be overbuilt for casual or beginner users
Best for: Serious Pilates practitioners or home studio owners seeking a durable, full-featured reformer
Not ideal for: Users with limited space or those looking for an affordable entry-level reformer
- Material:Aluminum alloy and maple wood
- Weight Capacity:350 lbs
- Springs:6 springs (2 heavy-duty, 2 medium, 2 light)
- Assembly:90% pre-assembled
- Dimensions:94.5 inches long
Our verdict“This reformer suits dedicated users seeking a durable, professional-grade machine with extensive workout options, provided space and budget allow.”
OYI 77” Foldable Pilates Reformer Machine with Resistance Bands and Accessories
This reformer offers a compact 77-inch size and a lightweight design, making it highly portable for home and on-the-go use. Its durable iron frame and adjustable resistance bands support users of all fitness levels, with the added benefit of complete accessories for diverse routines. However, the assembly instructions may be complex, and its size limits it to home use only, not commercial or intensive studio environments. Compared to larger models like the 94.5″ Studio Grade Reformer, it sacrifices some stability and capacity for portability. Best suited for beginners or users needing a portable option for light to moderate workouts.
Pros:- Foldable design for easy storage and portability
- Includes complete accessories for variety
- Supports all fitness levels with adjustable resistance
- Made with durable iron frame
Cons:- Assembly instructions may be complex for some users
- Limited size may restrict stability and advanced use
- Designed primarily for home, not commercial use
Best for: Beginners, travelers, or those with limited space seeking a portable reformer
Not ideal for: Heavy or advanced users requiring high resistance or extensive durability for daily intensive use
- Size:77 inches
- Weight:16.3 lbs
- Maximum Support:400 lbs
- Reformer Sitting Box Size:23 x 16 x 9 inches
- Frame Material:Iron
Our verdict“This reformer is ideal for those prioritizing portability and moderate workouts in small spaces or on the go.”
PAETA Pilates Reformer, 86″ Foldable Reformer Pilates Machine with Adjustable Heights, Springs, and Jump Boards
The PAETA 86″ Reformer offers impressive customization with adjustable heights, springs, and jump boards, making it suitable for a broad range of users from beginners to advanced practitioners. Its support for up to 500 lbs and high-density foam padding add to comfort and stability. Compared to smaller or less adjustable models like the Foldable Pilates Reformer for Home Use, this unit provides more personalized options, but the assembly process can be time-consuming, and its larger size needs adequate space. Its higher price reflects its versatility and robust features, making it a good fit for dedicated Pilates enthusiasts seeking tailored workouts.
Pros:- Adjustable height, springs, and components for personalized workouts
- Supports up to 500 lbs for durability and stability
- Foldable for convenient storage and transport
- Quiet PU wheels and high-density foam padding for comfort
Cons:- Assembly may require significant time and effort
- Higher price point compared to simpler models
- Requires ample space for full setup
Best for: Intermediate and advanced users wanting a highly customizable reformer with broad adjustment options
Not ideal for: Casual users or those with limited space, given the longer setup time and larger footprint
- Length:86 inches
- Supports Weight:Up to 500 lbs
- Adjustable Heights:Yes
- Foldable:Yes
- Spring Type:Piano wire springs
- Wheels:Quiet PU wheels
Our verdict“This reformer is best for committed Pilates users seeking a highly customizable machine with premium features and support for diverse routines.”
Ultra Foldable Pilates Reformer Studio Aluminum Pilates Machine
The UltraStudio Premium Pilates Reformer stands out for its high-quality, aerospace-grade aluminum frame, offering exceptional durability that rivals more traditional wooden models like the 92-Inch Wooden Pilates Reformer. Its foldable design with smooth wheels makes storage and transport effortless, making it ideal for those who need a portable yet sturdy option. While it’s more expensive than basic models, the quick assembly and support for users of all sizes justify the price for serious enthusiasts or small studios seeking a professional-grade reformer that’s easy to store.
This reformer balances strength with convenience, but the need for space to fold and store may be a limitation for tight quarters.
Pros:- Exceptional durability with aerospace-grade aluminum and stainless steel
- Easy to fold and store with smooth wheels for portability
- Mostly pre-assembled for quick setup
- Supports users of all ages and sizes with a high weight capacity
Cons:- Higher price point compared to basic or wooden models
- Requires sufficient space for folding and storage
Best for: Users who prioritize long-term durability, portability, and professional-quality features in a reformer that can be stored easily when not in use
Not ideal for: Small apartments or gyms with very limited storage space, as it requires room for folding and maneuvering
- Material:Aerospace-grade aluminum, stainless steel, natural maple wood, PU materials
- Max User Weight:800 lbs
- Spring Durability:Over 300,000 stretches
- Assembly:90% pre-assembled
- Warranty:3 years
Our verdict“This pick is best suited for those seeking a durable, portable reformer that can handle intensive use and storage convenience.”
92-Inch Wooden Pilates Reformer Machine with Accessories
The 92-Inch Wooden Pilates Reformer offers a classic, solid oak frame that provides a sturdy workout platform, particularly appealing for those who prefer traditional materials over lightweight metals like in the Ultra Foldable Reformer. Its comprehensive set of accessories, including a sitting box and jump board, enhances versatility, making it suitable for users who want a full suite of Pilates tools. However, its larger size and the effort required for assembly make it less ideal for small spaces or quick setup. This model is perfect for dedicated home studios or small gyms looking for a durable, accessory-rich reformer.
Compared to foldable models, it sacrifices portability but excels in stability and accessory options, making it less suited for frequent storage or transport.
Pros:- Solid oak frame offers excellent stability and durability
- Includes multiple accessories for varied workouts
- Supports up to 500 lbs with smooth, multi-directional wheels
- Foldable design aids in storage when space is limited
Cons:- Assembly can be time-consuming and require effort
- Large footprint may not suit small rooms
Best for: Pilates practitioners who value a sturdy, traditional wooden frame and a variety of workout accessories for a comprehensive experience
Not ideal for: Individuals with limited space or those needing a reformer that can be easily stored away after each session
- Length:92 inches
- Frame Material:Solid oak
- Maximum User Weight:500 lbs
- Spring System:12-gear
- Included Accessories:Sitting box, jump board, resistance springs, ropes, hand loops, foot straps
Our verdict“Ideal for users who prioritize stability and accessory versatility over portability.”
97 Inch Foldable Wooden Pilates Reformer Machine with Jump Board, Sitting Box, Yoga Block and Anti-Slip Mat
The 97-Inch Foldable Wooden Reformer combines a sturdy solid oak frame with reinforced iron legs, supporting up to 500 lbs. Its fully adjustable components and included accessories, like a sitting box and yoga blocks, support personalized and varied workouts. The foldable design with wheels enhances space efficiency, making it suitable for home gyms needing a versatile reformer that doesn’t dominate the room. Compared with models like the 96-inch Wooden Reformer, this one offers greater customization and a slightly longer frame, but assembly can still be a challenge despite partial pre-assembly. This model is well-suited for those who want a durable reformer with extensive workout options in a space-conscious design.
While its size and assembly effort may deter users with very small or cluttered spaces, it excels in flexibility and stability for dedicated Pilates practitioners.
Pros:- High weight capacity with sturdy oak frame
- Fully adjustable for personalized workouts
- Foldable with wheels for easy storage
- Includes comprehensive accessories for varied exercises
Cons:- Assembly may require effort despite partial pre-assembly
- Size may be large for very small spaces
Best for: Home users who want a customizable, durable reformer with multiple accessories and space-saving storage
Not ideal for: Small apartments or users who prefer a reformer that is quick to set up and store without assembly effort
- Material:Solid oak wood
- Weight Capacity:500 lbs
- Spring System:6 high-quality steel springs (30-60 lbs)
- Length:97 inches
- Accessories Included:Sitting box, jump board, yoga blocks
- Foldable:Yes
Our verdict“Best suited for dedicated Pilates users seeking a highly adjustable, space-efficient reformer with extensive workout options.”
96-inch Wooden Pilates Reformer with Springs, Jump Board & Sitting Box
The 96-inch Rubberwood Reformer offers a robust, durable frame designed for stability, supporting up to 500 lbs with a solid rubberwood build. Its adjustable resistance springs and included jump board and sitting box make it a versatile choice for strength and low-impact exercises. While it’s heavier and less portable due to its weight, it compensates with excellent stability, especially compared to lighter, foldable models like the 97 Inch Foldable Wooden Reformer. This reformer is ideal for users who prioritize a sturdy, long-lasting frame for regular, intense workouts, but it may be less suitable for those needing frequent setup and takedown.
Compared to lighter, foldable options, this model sacrifices ease of transport for unmatched stability and durability, making it better suited for dedicated studio use or stable home setups.
Pros:- Sturdy rubberwood frame for long-lasting durability
- Supports up to 500 lbs with adjustable resistance
- Includes jump board and sitting box for versatile routines
- Designed for stability during intense workouts
Cons:- Heavy weight makes it difficult to move without assistance
- Requires ample space for setup and storage
Best for: Individuals seeking a heavy-duty reformer with maximum stability and durability for regular use
Not ideal for: Users needing a reformer that is easy to move or store frequently due to its weight
- Length:96 inches
- Material:Rubberwood
- Supports:Up to 500 lbs
- Number of springs:5
- Includes:Jump board, sitting box, adjustable headrest, shoulder blocks
Our verdict“This reformer is perfect for those who need a heavy-duty, stable machine for consistent, demanding Pilates sessions.”
Foldable Pilates Reformer with Jump Board & Pilates Box for Home & Studio Workout
The Foldable Pilates Reformer with Jump Board & Box is designed for both beginners and advanced users, offering an adjustable resistance system and a variety of included accessories. Its space-saving, foldable construction makes it a flexible choice for home or studio environments, supporting up to 500 lbs. Compared to the more rigid wooden models like the 97 Inch Foldable Wooden Reformer, this model emphasizes versatility with multiple resistance options and quiet pulley systems suitable for shared spaces. While assembly can take some time and it’s on the pricier side, it provides a comprehensive workout solution for those who value adaptability and space efficiency.
This reformer is best for users who want a multi-functional machine that can accommodate different fitness levels without sacrificing storage convenience, though it may not be ideal for very small spaces or those on a tight budget.
Pros:- Versatile full-body workout with adjustable resistance and accessories
- Space-saving foldable design for easy storage
- Supports users up to 500 lbs with sturdy construction
- Quiet pulley system suitable for shared environments
Cons:- Assembly may require some effort despite clear instructions
- Higher cost compared to basic models
Best for: Home or studio users seeking a versatile, space-efficient reformer with adjustable resistance and multiple accessories
Not ideal for: Users with extremely limited space or those preferring a simple, basic reformer without additional features
- Number of Springs:4
- Resistance Cords:5
- Max User Weight:500 lbs
- Included Components:Jumpboard, Pilates Box, Springs, Resistance Cords
- Adjustable Foot Bar:4-position
- Material:PU leather
- Folded Size:Reduced by approximately 50%
Our verdict“This reformer is ideal for versatile, space-conscious users who want a full-featured machine for varied Pilates routines.”
How We Picked
Each product was evaluated based on build quality, functionality, ease of use, versatility, and value. We prioritized models with sturdy frames, smooth resistance mechanisms, and user-friendly features. Accessibility of accessories like the sitting box and jump board was also key, as they expand workout options. Price point was considered alongside durability and customer reviews to balance affordability with quality. The ranking reflects a combination of these factors, highlighting models that serve different needs from casual home use to professional studio setups.| pilates reformer with box | Material |
|---|---|
| Foldable Pilates Reformer for | — |
| Foldable Pilates Reformer Mach | — |
| 94.5" Pilates Reformer with Ac | Aluminum alloy and maple wood |
| OYI 77” Foldable Pilates Refor | — |
| PAETA Pilates Reformer | — |
| Ultra Foldable Pilates Reforme | Aerospace-grade aluminum, stainless steel, natural maple wood, PU materials |
| 92-Inch Wooden Pilates Reforme | — |
| 97 Inch Foldable Wooden Pilate | Solid oak wood |
| 96-inch Wooden Pilates Reforme | Rubberwood |
| Foldable Pilates Reformer with | PU leather |
Factors to Consider When Choosing Best Pilates Reformer With Box
Choosing the best Pilates reformer with box requires considering several factors that influence both your workout experience and long-term satisfaction. Beyond initial price, think about storage, durability, and whether the included accessories meet your specific fitness goals. The right reformer should blend functionality with your space and budget constraints, helping you commit to consistent practice.Space and Storage Needs
Many reformers are foldable or compact, making them ideal for small homes or apartments. However, foldability can sometimes compromise stability or increase setup time. Assess your available space and how often you want to store or set up your reformer. Larger, non-folding models tend to be more stable but require dedicated space, which is a key tradeoff to consider.
Build Quality and Materials
The durability of a reformer depends heavily on its materials—wood offers a traditional feel and aesthetic, while aluminum provides lighter weight and often better longevity. Cheaper models might use lower-quality components, leading to more maintenance or shorter lifespan. Investing in a well-constructed frame ensures safer workouts and a longer-lasting device, especially if used frequently.
Accessories and Workout Versatility
Look for reformers that include or support accessories like a sitting box, jump board, or yoga blocks. These expand your exercise options from basic Pilates to more varied routines, which can be motivating and functional. However, more accessories often mean a higher price—balance your desired workout diversity with your budget.
Resistance System and Adjustability
Resistance quality impacts workout smoothness and challenge level. Look for models with adjustable springs or resistance bands, allowing for progression as your strength improves. Cheaper models might have limited resistance options, restricting growth in your practice. The ability to fine-tune resistance is especially valuable for rehabilitation or customized routines.
Price and Value
Prices vary widely based on features, materials, and brand reputation. While it might be tempting to choose the cheapest option, investing a bit more often results in better stability and longevity. Consider your long-term usage; a higher upfront investment can pay off through increased durability and a richer feature set, especially for regular practitioners.
Frequently Asked Questions
Can I use a Pilates reformer with a box if I have limited space at home?
Yes, many models in this roundup are foldable or compact, making them suitable for small spaces. Foldable reformers are designed specifically for easy storage when not in use, but they may compromise on stability or accessory support. Carefully evaluate your space and how often you plan to set up or store the reformer to find the best fit for your environment.
Is a wooden or aluminum reformer better for long-term use?
Both materials have merits—wood offers a traditional aesthetic and sturdy feel, while aluminum tends to be lighter and more resistant to warping or wear. For intensive daily use, aluminum models might require less maintenance and last longer, but high-quality wood can also be very durable if properly cared for. Your choice should consider your preferred style, budget, and maintenance willingness.
Do I need a reformer with all accessories included, or can I buy them separately?
Many reformers come with basic accessories like a sitting box or jump board, but some models support additional or upgraded options. Buying a reformer with included accessories can be more convenient and cost-effective, especially for beginners. However, if you already own certain accessories or want to customize your setup, purchasing a basic reformer and adding accessories later could be a smarter choice.
Are foldable reformers as stable as fixed models?
Generally, foldable reformers are designed to offer comparable stability to non-folding models, but this depends on construction quality. High-quality foldable models use reinforced hinges and sturdy frames to maintain rigidity during use. If stability is a primary concern, choose a foldable model with positive reviews on durability and build quality, rather than opting solely for size or convenience.
How much should I expect to spend on a good Pilates reformer with a box?
Prices range from around $500 for basic models to over $2,000 for premium, studio-grade options. Budget models often lack extensive accessories or advanced resistance systems, while higher-end models provide more durability and features. Consider your workout frequency and goals—investing in a higher-quality reformer can offer better long-term value, especially if you plan to use it regularly.
Conclusion
For casual home users, the Foldable Pilates Reformer for Home Use offers excellent convenience and affordability. Serious practitioners or those with space for dedicated equipment should consider the 94.5″ Studio-Grade Reformer for its durability and professional features. Beginners can start with a budget-friendly, foldable model, while advanced users seeking longevity and versatility should opt for premium wooden or aluminum options with comprehensive accessories. Ultimately, the best reformer depends on your space, budget, and workout goals.NFL season / tailgating Picks
team gear
As an affiliate, we earn on qualifying purchases.
